Sites

Name	Cohort	Description	N=	PI	Site(s)
Childhood Allergy and the NeOnatal Environment	CANOE	The Childhood Allergy and the NeOnatal Environment (CANOE) study led by Anne Marie Singh is a birth cohort established in 2021 under the NIH Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, utilizing multi-omics (transcriptomics, genomics, epigenomics, and microbiomics) approaches to investigate how environmental exposures influence airway epithelial gene expression and asthma development, beginning with nasal airway cells obtained within days after birth. The CANOE cohort (478 families, N=539) was recruited in four US cities and has broad representation for demographics, geography, and exposures.	539	Anne Marie Singh	Detroit, MI; Madison, WI; Nashville, TN; St. Louis, MO
Childhood Allergy/Asthma Study	CAS	The Childhood Allergy/Asthma Study (CAS), initiated in 1987 and led by Christine Johnson and Edward Zorrati, is a population-based study of general-risk children (n=835) in a suburban area north of Detroit. The main goal of the study was to identify early life exposures, including allergens, pets, and tobacco smoke, which influence asthma development. Data collected include perinatal medical record abstraction, home characteristics and exposures, and samples of home dust and air, urine, cord blood, and child and parental peripheral blood. Clinical information included pulmonary function, methacholine challenge, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and IgE measurement and allergy skin prick tests (SPT). DNA and urine samples have been banked.	835	Dennis Ownby, Christine Johnson, Edward Zorrati	Detroit, MI
Childhood Origins of Asthma	COAST	The Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) study led by Daniel Jackson is a high-risk (parental history of asthma and/or allergy) birth cohort (n=285) established in 1998 to evaluate the contribution of both genetic and environmental (with emphasis on respiratory tract infections) factors in early life on the development of childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Environmental assessments in early life include extensive viral diagnostics, pets, household characteristics, and dietary information. Extensive phenotyping data include airway physiology (spirometry, impulse oscillometry, eNO, and mannitol bronchoprovocation), airway imaging, immune function (cytokine response profiles, allergic sensitization, both developmentally assessed since birth), genotyping (including epigenetics), and the microbiome.	285	Robert Lemanske Jr. and Daniel Jackson	Madison, WI
Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study	CCAAPS	The Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) led by Patrick Ryan and Neeru Hershey started in 2001 and is a longitudinal cohort of children (n=763) born to atopic parents in greater Cincinnati, OH. The objective is to determine if exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), specifically diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is associated with the development of allergic disease and asthma and if this association is modified in a genetically at-risk population. Exposure to multiple environmental stressors has been assessed prenatally throughout childhood for all study participants and includes TRAP, allergens, mold, tobacco smoke, housing and community characteristics, and others. Other assessments include SPT, spirometry, eNO, and methacholine challenge testing. Biologic samples include blood, urine, saliva, DNA, toenails, teeth, and hair. Exposure assessments include TRAP, indoor/outdoor allergens, mold and data from geographic information systems.	763	Patrick Ryan and Neeru Hershey	Cincinnati, OH
Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health Cohort	CCCEH	The Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health Cohort (CCCEH), established in 1998 and led by Julie Herbstman and Rachel Miller, is a birth cohort of participants (n=727) living in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx of New York City. The main goals are to undertake a comprehensive community-based assessment of environmental risks to African American and Latino infants and children living in Manhattan and to develop strategies for reducing and ultimately preventing those risks. The focus of environmental assessments includes TRAP, allergens, housing characteristics, and endocrine disrupting chemicals. Clinical information gathered on the children includes SPT, repeat IgE levels and lung function tests. DNA, serum, and urine samples have been banked.	727	Julie Herbstman and Rachel Miller	New York, NY
Epidemiology of Home Allergens and Asthma Study	EHAAS	The Epidemiology of Home Allergens and Asthma Study (EHAAS) led by Diane Gold is a high-risk (parental asthma and/or allergy) birth cohort (n=494) from Greater Boston established in 1994. EHAAS evaluates influences of early-life indoor home exposures to allergens, fungi, and microbial components on the development of wheeze, asthma, lung function, and related immune responses (e.g., allergic sensitization, IgE and IgG, innate or adaptive cytokine production, eNO). EHAAS has longitudinally evaluated parental and child perceived stress, life events, socioeconomic stressors, and their associations with wheeze and immune responses.	494	Diane Gold	Boston, MA
Infant Immune Study	IIS	The Infant Immune Study (IIS) led by Fernando Martinez enrolled 482 newborns and their families between 1996-2004 with the goal of exploring immune system markers of the early life origins of asthma in a population-based, non-selected, prospective birth cohort study. Two of the strengths of the IIS study are the longitudinal biomarker measurements and the detailed data available for illnesses and infant feeding practices during the first year of life. Environmental exposures assessed in infancy include indoor dogs, day care, siblings, tobacco smoke, air pollution (US EPA National Air Toxics Assessment), and house dust samples. All home addresses were collected prospectively and geocoded to link with air pollution data.	482	Anne Wright and Fernando Martinez	Tucson, AZ
Infant Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infections and Asthma Following RSV Exposure	INSPIRE	The Infant Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infections and Asthma Following RSV Exposure (INSPIRE) led by Tina Hartert study is a prospective population-based non-selected birth cohort of 1,946 infants enrolled in the first few months of life in 2012-2014. INSPIRE study families are located throughout nine counties in Tennessee representing suburban, urban and rural areas of the state. The goals are to identify and understand the effects of early-life respiratory illnesses and microbial colonization on the subsequent development of childhood asthma. Environmental assessments in early life include viral diagnostics, pets, stress and behavior, household characteristics, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), personal microbiome, and dietary information. Extensive phenotyping and genotyping data include immune response to infection, SPT, wheezing, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS); follow-up is ongoing.	1946	Tina Hartert	Nashville, TN
Microbes, Allergy, Asthma and Pets	MAAP	The Microbes, Allergy, Asthma and Pets (MAAP) study led by Edward Zoratti was established in 2014 as a birth cohort (n=141) designed to determine whether keeping dogs in the home influences early-life immune development, infants’ intestinal microbiota, and the risks of allergic diseases and asthma. The study enrolled mothers and newborns, half of whom lived with indoor dogs during the first 18 months of life and half in pet-free homes. Environmental samples include peripartum maternal vaginal swabs for microbiome analysis, household characteristics, dust sampling, infant and parental stool and skin microbiome, infant oral microbiome, parental total and specific IgE, blood, and immune studies (dendritic cell, Treg and basophil markers and peripheral blood mononuclear cell [PBMC] stimulated cytokine responses). DNA, RNA and serum/plasma samples have been banked.	141	Edward Zoratti	Detroit, MI
Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study	TCRS	The Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study (TCRS) Fernando Martinez was established in 1980 as a prospective, non-selected birth cohort. The participants (n=1246) have passed their fourth decade, offering a unique opportunity to investigate the risk factors for and the potential disease mechanisms involved in the early origins of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exposures assessed in infancy included: indoor dogs, day care, siblings, tobacco smoke and air pollution. Samples collected include DNA and serum, and longitudinal assessments of lung function are continuing. Complete address histories have been geocoded to link with archived air pollution data (NO2, PM2.5 and PM10) from the 1980s.	1246	Fernando Martinez and Anne Wright	Tucson, AZ
Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma	URECA	The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) study led by James Gern is a high-risk birth cohort study (n=609) started in 2004 at four urban centers selected for high rates of poverty and asthma morbidity (Baltimore, Boston, New York City, St. Louis; Inner City Asthma Consortium). The goals are to identify early life environmental factors in urban settings that affect immune development, wheezing illnesses, and asthma. Environmental assessments include maternal stress and depression, pollutants (NO2, urinary cotinine), respiratory viruses (well child visits and during illness), house dust (microbiome, allergens, endotoxin), and questionnaires. Outcomes include lung function (spirometry, oscillometry) beginning at age 3 years, immune development (CBMC and PBMC cytokine responses), allergic sensitization (serum IgE and skin testing), food allergy, atopic dermatitis, wheezing illnesses and asthma. DNA, RNA (from PBMC) and serum/plasma samples have been banked.	609	James Gern	Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; New York, NY; St. Louis, MO
Wayne County Health Environment Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study	WHEALS	The Wayne County Health Environment Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS) led by Christine Johnson is a population-based birth cohort (n=1258) in Detroit and Western Wayne County suburbs to examine the relationships between early life exposures such as pets, infections and the environmental and infant gut microbiome in relationship to the development of allergic diseases. Samples include house dust, infant stool, blood (including cord blood), and assessments of total IgE, specific IgE (sIgE) and SPT to 10 common allergens. Clinic visits at 10-11 years of age measured eNO, cytokines, eosinophils, neutrophils, total and allergen-specific IgE, spirometry with albuterol challenge, and methacholine challenge.	1258	Christine Johnson	Detroit, MI
Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort	WISC	The Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC) study led by James Gern and Christine Seroogy is a birth cohort started in 2014 and being conducted in rural Wisconsin (Marshfield area) that enrolled infants born into dairy farm families and an equal number born into rural non-farm families (n=311). The goals are to identify prenatal and early life exposures that affect immune development and respiratory illnesses in infancy. Environmental assessments include maternal prenatal health and medications, microbial exposures (settled dust from home and barn, vacuumed dust from the home, tap water, raw cow milk [if consumed], breast milk, maternal vaginal swab), and microbial colonization (skin swab, saliva, stool, nasal mucus). Other assessments/samples include respiratory viruses, atopic dermatitis, serum, blood cells, urine, DNA, and blood RNA. Outcome measures include respiratory illnesses, allergic sensitization, and wheezing illnesses.	311	James Gern and Christine Seroogy	Madison, WI

Center Focus	More Info
Microbiome	The microbiome science center at the University of California San Francisco is led by Sue Lynch. The research program focuses on the role of the microbiome in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and airway mucosal immunity. Using ecological models as a framework, these studies employ high-resolution multi-modal microbial and immune datasets derived from large cohorts of human subjects to delineate microbial and immune development across spatial and temporal gradients. Findings from these studies are coupled with bench-based in vivo and in vitro experimentation to promote an ecosystem-to-molecular understanding of the role of the microbiome in the origins and persistence of chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. Studies published by Dr. Lynch provided some of the first human data demonstrating the existence of a gut-airway axis.
Genetics	The genetics science center at the University of Chicago is led by Carole Ober. Her research program investigates the genetics and epigenetics of asthma, and how they contribute to gene-environment interactions. Her group integrates genetic and ‘omics data to discover and characterize asthma and allergy loci and to understand the genetic basis for asthma endotypes, for gene-environment interactions, and for ancestry-specific genetic risk for asthma and early life wheezing illnesses.
Bioinformatics	The bioinformatics science center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison is led by Jomol Mathew. The bioinformatics center is responsible for key computational/statistical analysis tasks for the CADRE program. These include operating the CADRE Data System; identifying the predominant asthma phenotypes and endotypes in the subject population using the high-dimensional, heterogeneous data that characterize subjects in the cohorts; and developing models to identify relationships between complex data sets, including measures and load of exposure, epigenetic modifications, transcriptional profiling and protein expression and asthma phenotypes.